Maraetai Beach students shine a light on little-known pollution problem

What pollution impacts our health, wildlife, the environment, cultural practices and even our ability to see the stars? The answer is light pollution, and a group of students from Maraetai Beach School is working to understand and address it.

The project began when a local scientist and avid stargazer, Jordi Blasco (founder of Skylabs NZ) introduced students to the concept of excessive artificial lighting and its potential effects on the night sky. This sparked the students’ curiosity. Guided by their teacher Jane Sucking, they set out to investigate light pollution’s impact on their local environment while learning how to take meaningful action. 

Hands-on research increases understanding of light pollution sources and impacts

After doing thorough background research on the types of light pollution and potential impacts, the students knew they wanted to collect real data along the Pōhutakawa Coast area to understand if it’s an issue locally. They used several research methodologies to collect a broad suite of information.

Visual observations of the night sky were recorded, documenting environmental conditions and the visibility of common constellations. Students and parents learnt to use telescopes and embarked on many stargazing sessions as part of the project, and along the way, they also learnt how astronomical observations (and scientific research) can often be hindered by bad weather!

“Sky Quality Meter” (SQM) readings were used to conduct field observations around the coast, measuring the amount of light pollution in various locations. This technology enabled them to gather accurate data on the brightness of the night sky in different areas.

AllSky cameras were installed at various locations to record the night sky over a 24-hour period, using time-lapse and long exposure photography. Analysing how light and darkness changed over time revealed surprising insights. Students discovered consistently high levels of light pollution in some urban places due to commercial areas and sports fields leaving their lights on all night.

To protect the sensitive camera equipment and ensure its long-term durability in the outdoor environment, the students used 3D printers to design and prototype custom enclosures for the AllSky cameras. The process of designing these enclosures has been a highlight for students as they gained experience in design thinking, engineering, technology and materials science.

Engaging the community key to making change

From the start, the students have worked to raise awareness of light pollution and its effects on both the environment and public health.

One of the first steps in their research was a survey, completed by over 170 community members, to gauge the level of understanding about light pollution in the area and people’s perception of light pollution impacts. Surprisingly, over 60% of respondents said they are bothered by excessive light at night!

In addition to the survey, Jordi and the school students have hosted a series of community stargazing events, to show the public the beauty of the night sky and the impact of artificial lighting. These events helped connect the community to the issue and sparked conversations about how local lighting choices can minimise light pollution.

Partnering with an external expert has been a gamechanger for the school, as it gave them access to tools and expertise that has helped bring the project to life for the students and wider community. Maraetai Beach School teacher Jane Suckling says, “Jordi worked closely with the students throughout this project. His support and expertise have been invaluable.” 

Looking Ahead

Science partner Jordi Blasco says, “It has been a privilege to be part of a journey where projects like studying light pollution not only ignite a passion for physics and astronomy but also connect them to broader scientific domains like ecology, economics, and medicine.

Working with these kids has been an absolutely amazing experience—watching their curiosity bloom and their interest in STEM grow has been truly inspiring.” 

This project is just the beginning. With an Allsky camera and weather station now installed at the school, teachers are planning to continue monitoring light pollution in the future and build this into their science programme.

The students have identified several solutions they would like to share, both small actions that anyone can do at home as well as lobbying commercial landowners to change their lighting systems. They are committed to sharing their findings and raising awareness through community outreach.

The project group recently presented their research at the Curious Minds Conference at AUT. In addition, they have written a conference paper, “Assessing the impact of light pollution on urban environments: a case study in the Pōhutakawa Coast”, which they hope to present at the Royal Astronomical Society of NZ Conference in 2025.

This project not only highlights their leadership in environmental science but also demonstrates the power of project-based learning in addressing local issues. The Maraetai Beach light pollution project is a prime example of how young people, when given the tools and support, can lead in environmental research and advocacy.

Jane Suckling sums up the projects’ many successes: “Students have made connections between light pollution and subjects outside of STEM. I’ve noticed huge personal growth in the students, such as increased confidence, resilience and a newfound passion for advocacy and environmental issues. It’s inspiring to see young minds actively engaged in making a positive impact on their environment!”

Acknowledgements 

Authentic local learning is only possible with support from a range of people and organisations. This project has been supported with funding from the Curious Minds Participatory Science Platform - South Auckland, facilitated by Te Hononga Akoranga COMET. A huge thank you also to our science partner Jordi Blasco (Skylabs NZ) and the Pōhutakawa Coast community who have engaged with this project.

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What is Light Pollution?

Light pollution refers to the excess or misdirected artificial light that interferes with natural darkness, impacting human health, wildlife, and the environment. It can be broken down into several types:

• Glare: Excessive light directed at one spot, such as headlights from oncoming cars, causing temporary night blindness.

• Skyglow: A brightening of the night sky due to scattered light, which can obscure up to 80% of stars and celestial objects.

• Light trespass: When light spills into areas where it’s not wanted, such as streetlights shining into homes, bedrooms, or natural habitats.

• Clutter: Over-accumulation of bright, unshielded lights, often seen in urban areas, creating confusion, nausea, and health problems.

Effects of Light Pollution

• Human health: Disrupts sleep and natural circadian rhythm, leading to tiredness, increased stress, and a potentially higher risk of chronic disease, cancer, and other health issues.

• Astronomical research: Hinders the ability to observe celestial bodies, affecting both amateur stargazing and professional astronomical research.

• Wildlife: Disorients nocturnal animals like bats and birds, interfering with their ability to hunt, navigate, and reproduce.

• Plants: Disrupts plant growth and flowering cycles, as many plants rely on darkness for their natural processes.

• Cultural heritage: Obscures the night sky, which has been central to many cultures for navigation, storytelling, and spiritual practices, especially in Māori and Pasifika cultures.